Industrialism: Effects on Russia and Japan
Japan
-Imperial authority pushed industrialization
-Because private sources for finance were limited, the government hired foreign experts to teach and manage Japanese workers in the technique of modern industry
-Government also modernized iron foundries and dockyards (previously established by the Tokugawa shogunate)
-Founded new businesses
-Opened schools and universities specializing in specific scientific and technological fields
-Government support was in charge of the construction of railroads, opening mines and organizing a banking system
-Also responsible for establishing mechanized industries producing ships, armaments, silk, cotton, chemicals and glass.
-When businesses were steady enough to run on their own, government sold them to private entrepreneurs
-Private entrepreneurs often built very large industrial empires, called zaibatsu (wealthy cliques)
-Similar to the trusts and cartels in 19th century Europe and the United States
-Usually operated and controlled companies in several industries
Example: Mitsui combine owned investments in banking, trading, mining, food processing, and textile manufacturing
-By 1900: because of active government encouragement and establishing large scale enterprises that were efficient, Japan was the most industrialized land in Asia
-Was poised for dramatic economic and industrial expansion in the 20th century
-Imperial authority pushed industrialization
-Because private sources for finance were limited, the government hired foreign experts to teach and manage Japanese workers in the technique of modern industry
-Government also modernized iron foundries and dockyards (previously established by the Tokugawa shogunate)
-Founded new businesses
-Opened schools and universities specializing in specific scientific and technological fields
-Government support was in charge of the construction of railroads, opening mines and organizing a banking system
-Also responsible for establishing mechanized industries producing ships, armaments, silk, cotton, chemicals and glass.
-When businesses were steady enough to run on their own, government sold them to private entrepreneurs
-Private entrepreneurs often built very large industrial empires, called zaibatsu (wealthy cliques)
-Similar to the trusts and cartels in 19th century Europe and the United States
-Usually operated and controlled companies in several industries
Example: Mitsui combine owned investments in banking, trading, mining, food processing, and textile manufacturing
-By 1900: because of active government encouragement and establishing large scale enterprises that were efficient, Japan was the most industrialized land in Asia
-Was poised for dramatic economic and industrial expansion in the 20th century
Russia
-Promoted by the tsarist government by the encouragement of construction of railroads to connect the distant regions to the massive empire
-By 1900 there were 36,000 miles of railroads in Russia
-Most impressive railroad: trans-Siberian line, stretched more than 5,600 miles and linked Moscow (capital) to the port of Vladivostock on the Pacific Ocean.
-Apart from connecting regions, railroads also stimulated the development of coal, iron and steel industries which aided Russia in becoming a commercial link between western Europe and east Asia
-Count Sergei Witte, served as "finance minister" from 1892-1903
-oversaw construction of the trans-Siberian line
-worked to push Russian industrialization by:
-reforming commercial law
-protecting infant industries
-supporting steamship companies
-promoting nautical and engineering schools
-Witte invited foreign investors to bring their capital and experience to Russia
-He encouraged establishment of saving banks to raise additional investment funds
-By 1900, Russia produced half of the world's oil
-Russian steel production ranked fourth in the world (behind the US, Germany and Britain)
-Because of Witte's efforts, Russia also had big coal and iron industries
-Government also demanded for weapons for supplying a massive armaments industry
-Promoted by the tsarist government by the encouragement of construction of railroads to connect the distant regions to the massive empire
-By 1900 there were 36,000 miles of railroads in Russia
-Most impressive railroad: trans-Siberian line, stretched more than 5,600 miles and linked Moscow (capital) to the port of Vladivostock on the Pacific Ocean.
-Apart from connecting regions, railroads also stimulated the development of coal, iron and steel industries which aided Russia in becoming a commercial link between western Europe and east Asia
-Count Sergei Witte, served as "finance minister" from 1892-1903
-oversaw construction of the trans-Siberian line
-worked to push Russian industrialization by:
-reforming commercial law
-protecting infant industries
-supporting steamship companies
-promoting nautical and engineering schools
-Witte invited foreign investors to bring their capital and experience to Russia
-He encouraged establishment of saving banks to raise additional investment funds
-By 1900, Russia produced half of the world's oil
-Russian steel production ranked fourth in the world (behind the US, Germany and Britain)
-Because of Witte's efforts, Russia also had big coal and iron industries
-Government also demanded for weapons for supplying a massive armaments industry